Adding machine



, (No Model.) 3' Sheets-Sheet 1..

J. RICHARDSON.

ADDING MAGHINE.

No. 364,297 Patenteg June 7; 1887..

ATTORNEYS.

I. PETERS, Pholvliihugraphlr, Wuhinflon. I}, C.

(No Model) J. RIGHARDSON 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.-

ADDING MACHINE.

No. 364,297 Patented June 7, 1887 WITNESSES:

INYENTOR ATTORNEYS.

N. PETEI5, Pfwlwljthcgrapher. Wahingim u. c,

taken on line a z in Fig. 1.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES RICHARDSON, OF TARRYTOW'N, NE\V YORK.

ADDING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 364,297, dated June 7, 1887.

Application filed February 10, 1886. Serial No. 192,548.

verse section taken on linear min Fig. 1. Fig.

3 is a vertical transverse section taken on line y y in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section Fig. 5 is a longi tndinal section taken on line a e in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation showing the spring-drum. Fig. 7 is an inverted detail plan view of the carrying mechanism.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the'different figures of the drawings.

This machine is designed to add numbers aswholes. Thus in adding numbers employing two or more figures the operator, by touching the keys corresponding with the successive digits of the first number, (beginning at the left,) registers that number on two sets of numberwheels-one set for verification, the other set for summation. He then touches a trip-key, which erases the figures of the verificationrow of wheels, and, leaving the summationwheels undisturbed, restores the rest of the mechanism to its first position, ready for registering the second number. XV hen the keys are touched for the second number, that num her is registered, as before, on the registering (or verifying) wheels, while the summationwheels are caused to show the sum of the two numbers registered, and so on for any number of numbers the sum of which it is desired to obtain.

My invention consists in two series of nunr bercd wheels, a series of numbered keys, and means for imparting motion to the numbered wheels from the keys, and mechanism for i11- suring the operation of the numbered wheels in succession, and for returning the wheels and the wheel-moving mechanism to the point of starting.

It also consists in the combination, with the registering and summing mechanism, of a disk (No model.)

for registering the number of the addition, all as hereinafter more fully described.

In the casing A and upon the bar B are pivoted long and short number-keys 0, whose numbered finger-plates a alternate in position to economize space in the key-board, the keys being numbered successively from O to 9.

The bar D, extending transversely under the series of keys 0, is supported by arms I), secured to its ends, and pivoted on studs 0, supported by the inner or supporting frame, A. The bar D is supported normally in contact with the edge of the partition (I in the casing A by a spring, 12, secured to the bottom of the supporting-frame A, and pressing upward against one of the arms I). The bar D rests in contact with the 9 key when the machine is not in operation.

In a chamber, f, formed between the frame A and the casing, is journaled a ratchetwheel, E, upon a stud, g, and upon the same stud is placed an arm, h, carrying at its free end, beyond the periphery of the wheel E, a pawl, i, which is pressed forward into engagement with the ratchetwheel E by the spring 9', secured to the arm h. The arm h is connected by a link, k, with the end of the bar D, which projeets into the chamber f. The teeth of the ratchctwheel are so proportioned to the space between the bar D and the several keys that when any key is depressed it engages the bar D and pushes it down sufficiently to move the wheel E, (through the medium of the pawl 6,) to cause the wheel E to turn through the portion of a revolution equivalent to a number of teeth corresponding with the number on the key depressed. For example, when the 9-key is depressedjt carries the pawlz' and the wheel E forward through a distance equal to nine teeth of the wheel. The depression of the S-key will carry the wheel E through a distance equal to eight teeth of the wheel, and so on throughout the entire series of keys, excepting the O-key, which produces no motion in the bar D, as when 0 or nothing is to be added no motion of the wheel E will be required. Each key after depression is returned to its position of rest in its notch Z in the front of the casing A by a spring, on, secured to the bottom of the casing, pressing against the under surface of the key, and the arm 71. and pawl are returned to the position of starting by the upward movement of the bar D.

Upon shafts F G, extending across the supporting-frame, between the sides, parallel with the series of keys 0, are placed the number wheels H I. Each number-wheel H I is provided with a series of notches, n, and plane surfaces 0, upon which are impressed numbers from to 9 in succession around the periphery of the wheel. The wheel consists of a rim, p, formed integrally with the weighted arm q, whose center line is about opposite the -mark on the number-wheel, to prevent the wheel stopping on its dead-center, in order to insure the turning ofthe wheel from any position to the point of starting, as will presently be described. The wheels I are each provided with a series of notches,r,in oneside corresponding with the notches n in their peripheries, and each wheel I is provided with a curved spring, 8, secured in the inner end of the arm q and lying normally in a curved groove, it, formed in the side of the arm q, the groove being formed in the side of the wheel opposite the notched side, so that in the series of wheels each spring sis carried around opposite the notched faces of the adjacent wheels; and below the series of wheels I there are series of cams a, which are supported by a rod, 1), passing through the casing parallel with the shaft G. The spring 8 projects beyond the periphery of the wheel I, in position to be engaged by the cam a when the carrying from one wheel to another is to be efi'eeted, in the manner presently to be described.

Between the series of wheels H I is journaled a grooved shaft, J, upon which is placed the star-wheel K, provided with a feather, j, entering the groove of the shaft G, so that the star-wheel is compelled to revolve with the shaft, while it is capable of being moved longitudinally thereon. The teeth of the starwheel engage the notches n of the numberwheels H I, and upon the extremity of the shaft J is placed a pinion, w, which is engaged by the ratchet-wheel E, and the relation of the star-wheel K, pinion w, and ratchet-wheel E is such that the movement of the ratchetwheel E one notch will turn the star-wheel K forward one notch, and by its engagement with the number-wheels H I will move the number-wheels one space, so that when one of the keys 0 is depressed one number-wheel of each series will be moved forward as many numbers as are indicated upon the face of the ke {Inder the series of keys 0 is placed a bar, L, which is supported by arms a, pivoted on opposite ends of the bar B, which supports the keys, and the bar L is pressed upward into contact with the keys 0 by springs b, secured to the bottom of the casing and pressing against the bars a.

In the chamber f, at the side of the series of keys, is jonrnaled a shortshaft, c, which carries upon its outer end a drum, d, and upon its inner end a ratchet-wheel, 0'. Upon the shaft 0 is placed an arm, 9, which carries a pawl, h, engaging the teeth of the ratchetwheel 0. The arm is connected with the bar L, so that when the bar L is moved up or down the arm 9 and pawl h will be carried with it. When the bar L rises, the arm 9 is carried upward, turning the ratchetwhecl 0 forward one notch.

The drum d contains a spiral spring which is wound by the action of the pawl h as it turns the ratchet-wheel e and shaft 0, and the spring is retained under strain by a fixed spring'aeted pawl, i. To the drum d is secured a cord, 9", which is wound around the drum in opposite directions, one end of the cord passing over the pulley 7t, journaled in supports attached to the partition d, and is attached to a forked arm, 1, which slides on the rod m, extending across the casing parallel with and above the shaft J. The fork upon the lower end of the arm Z is received in the eircuinferentiallygrooved boss a of the star-wheel K. The upper end of the arm Z, above the red at, carries the visible index 0',

which moves above the top of the series of figure-wheels. To the opposite side of the arm l is secured the other end of the cord j, which extends over a pulley, 1), journaled in supports attached to the partition d, thence forward over a fixed pulley, q, thence across the front of the casing and over a pulley, 1-, on the front of the casing, thence back to a pulley, s, on the front of the casing, and thence back to the opposite side of the casing over a pulley, 15, supported by the partition (1', back to the drum (1. The middle strand of the cord j on the front of the casing carries an index, a, which in the present case is made in the form of a star, one point of which moves along a scale, 1), formed in thefront of the casing, the gradiiiations of the scale corresponding to the nu mber and distance apart ofthe figure-wheels.

Thesprings bhave sufiicientstrength to push the bar L upward against the strain of the spring and the drum (1', so that whenever any one ofthe figure-keys is depressed the ratchetwheel a will be moved forward one noteh,thus, through the medium of the cord j, turning the drum (1 and moving the star-wheel K forward from one pair of figure-wheels to the next for every depression of a key and forward movement of the ratchet-wheel.

Upon the pivot of the ratchet-whee1e is placed a three-armed lever, w, having the arms 1 2 3. The arm 1 is in position to engage the pawl 2" when the lever w is turned. The arm 2 is in position to disengage the pawl, h from the ratchet-wheel e,and the arm 3 reaches forward over the end ofa releasing'lever, m, pivoted to the partition d, provided with the finger-piece a and a spring, b, arranged to press the outer end of the lever :c' upward, so that when it is desired to return the star-wheel K and the indexes 0 a to the point of starting the outer end of the lever w is depressed by pressure on the finger-piece, when the inner end is raised,b1inging it into engagement with the arm 3 of the three-armed lever 10', releasing the pawls h i, and allowing the spring in the drum to turn the drum in the direction required to move the cord to carry the arm Z, star-wheel K, and index 0, carried by said arm Z, and the index a back to the point of starting, or to any intermediate point-,the retrograde movement of the parts being arrested by releasing the releasing-lever :0. Upon the pivot g of the releasing'lever m is secured an arm, 0, which projects beyond the periphery of the indicating-wheel m, and carries a springaeted pawl, Z, which engages ratchet-teeth formed in the periphery of the wheel at, so that whenever the outer end of the lever :0 is depressed the wheel m will be turned forward onenotch, so as to bring a new figure opposite the opening a in the casing. I

To a rock shaft, 0, jonrnaled in the casing, parallel with and below the shaft F, is secured a series of springs, c, which press upon the flat faces of the figure-wheels H, causing them to register and preventing them from moving beyond the required limit. To the end of the shaft 0", near the partition (Z' and above the inner end of the releasing-lever m, is secured an arm f, whose free end rests upon the inner end of the releasing-1evcr,so that when the releasing-lever is turned (in the manner at ready described) the shaft cwill be turned, so as to remove the springs e from the wheels H, allowing them to return to 0 (or zero.) A spring, 9, secured to the partition (Z, holds the shaft in its normal position, with the springs e pressing upon the wheels H when the releasing-lever :v is in its normal position. The'rock-shaft c, which carries the cams a, also carries flat springs h, which bear upon the flat faces of the wheels I, causing the wheels to register and preventing them from moving beyond the prescribed limit. The shaft 1) is provided with an arm, 2'', (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2,) which reaches forward toward thefront ofthe machine over the end of a releasing-lever, j,whieh turns on a stnd,j,projecting from the inner face of the partition (Z, so that when it is desired to turn the wheels I to zero or to the point of starting, the outer end of the lever j is depressed, raising the arm 11 and turning the shaft 1; against the torsion of the spring It, secured to theshaft at one end and to the casing at the other end, allowing the number-wheels to be returned by gravity to their original or zero position.

The operation of my improved machine is as follows: On touchingakey-say3-key-the bar D is pressed down a sufficient distance to turn the ratchet-wheel E (in the manner already described) three notches, and the ratchet-wheel, through the medium of the pinion w and shaft J, turns the star-wheel K, shifting the number-wheels, with which it engages, as many points as the star-wheel itself is turned. The same depression of the key that turns the star-wheel, in the manner described, pushes down the bar L and brings the pawl h into another notch of the ratchet-wheel 0', so that a when the key is released the rising of the bar L moves the drum (1, which is connected with the ratchet-wheel e, and,through the medium of the cord j, the star-wheelK is moved forward to theadjoining pair of figure-wheels. The bar D is operated by all the keys excepting the zero-key, and the bar L is operated by all of the figure-keys. In this manner, on pressing the keys corresponding with the successive digits of the first number, the two sets of number-wheels-are made to present at the readingslots 4 and 5 in the top of the casing the several digits of the numbers in their proper order. Now, on touching the releasing-key so, all of the wheels H are released and allowed to return by their own gravity to the zero position, and at the same time the pawl Z carries the indicating-wheel m forward one notch, exhibiting through the opening a in the side of the casing 21 figure corresponding with the number of the addition made. The next action of the releasing-key m is to release the ratchet-whee1 e,in the manner already described, allowing the drum d to be turned by its spring, thus carrying the stanwheel K back along its shaft to the point of starting, or to any desired point along the series of number-wheels, according to the duration of the depression of the key as. The indicating-wheel m shows the number of the additions--that is, the number of different sums added-thus enabling the operator, if interrupted, to find his place in the series of numbers he is adding. The verifying-wheels I,by presenting always the last number added, serve both as a check to the operator and a help in determinating the next number to be added when the work is resumed after interruption. The wheels I, forming the summation series, always show the sum of all the numbers registered. In this series provision is made for carrying tens in the following manner: The curved springs 15 are arranged so that when the figure 8 of one wheel is opposite the slot in the top of the casing-the spring is in position for engagement with the cam a, and as the wheel turns from 8 to 9 the spring tis pressed out by the cams a, so that it engages a notch in the adjoining wheel at the left, thus temporarily tying the two wheels together. In moving through the space from 9. to 0 the wheel engaged by the spring is carried along one space, causing the engaged wheel to register a figure one higher than it showed before. Then the catch slips and the first wheel moves independently of its neighbor. In every casein the passage of the wheel from 9 to 0 the adj oi ning wheel is moved forward one space. Vhen all the numbers have been recorded, theirsum is shown in the reading of the summation series of wheels.

To erase the results of any addition and prepare the machine for anew summing, the lever j is depressed, turning the shaft 1:, thus releasing the wheels I and allowing them to turn by gravity, so as to present a row of naughts opposite the reading-slot 4.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an adding-machine, a series of wheels provided in one side with carrying-springs 1; and in the opposite side with notches 1- and eamsu, and the movable rock-shaftv, support ing the cams u for carrying the springst into engagement with the notches r, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an adding-machine, the combination, with the wheel I, having notches n in its periphery, and plane-numbered faces 0, intervening between the notehes,and having notches 1' in the sides thereof, of the spring 8, shaft 1;, the springs h, and the cams u, carried by the shaft, substantially as herein shown and described. I

3. The combination, with the numberwheels H I, keys 0, star-wheel K, and shaft J, of means, substantially as herein shown and described, for moving the star-wheel successively along the shaft J and into engagement with the said number-wheels.

4. The combination, with the keys 0, shaft J, and the star-wheel K, of the bar L, ratchetwheel e, arm 9', spring-acted pawl h, the retaining-pawl i, the drum d and spring contained therein, the cord j and its guidepulleys, and the arm I, engaging the grooved boss of the star-wheel K, substantially as herein shown and described.

5. The combination, with the drum d, ratchet-wheel c, and spring-acted pawls h i, engaging the ratchet-wheel, of the threearmed lever 10, adapted to engage the pawls h i, and

the releasing-lever x for bringing the threearmed lever w i nto engagement with the pawls h i, substantially as herein shown and described.

6. The combination, with the loaded number-wheels H, of the springs 0", the shaft 0, arm and the releasing-lever 4v, substantially as described.

7. The combination, in an addingmachine, of the releasinglever an, arm 0, carried thereby, spring-acted pawl Z,pivoted tothe arm 0", and the toothed indicating-wheel m, engaged by the pawl Z, substantially as described.

8. In an adding-machine, the combination. with the nu mberwheels I and the-shaft v, and the springs and cams carried thereby, of the spring 70, the arm 1', and the releasing-lever j, substantially as herein shown and described.

9. The combination,with the nu mber-wheels H, star-wheel K, and cord j, of the index a and sealev, substantially as described.

10. In an adding-machine, the combination ofa series of keys, 0, inclined bar D, the arm 71/, pawl i, ratchet-wheel E, pinion w, grooved shaft J, star-wheel K, and means, substantially as herein shown and described, for moving the star-wheel sueccssivel y along the shaft, and the number-wheels II I.

11. In an adding-machine, the combination, with the number-wheels H I and the Still wheel-carrying arm Z, of the index 0, for indicating the position of the star-wheel relative to the number-wheels, substantially as herein shown and described.

JAMES RICHARDSON.

Witnesses:

Gno. M. HOPKINS, C. SEDowIoK. 

